Requires contemporary techniques such as valve clicks ("banging" the valves without playing a tone using specific fingerings), aleotoric notation such as feather-beamed groupings (play notes rapidly and gradually ritard), and popping the mouthpiece withhand (using a cupped palm, strike the mouthpiece to produce a popping sound). Straight mutes required for trumpets and horn. Bass trombone is optional substitute for the tuba part. -pc